Process for measuring the weight and other qualities of a material.



e. c. GHANBY. YEOUESS FOB HEASUBING THE WEIGHT AND OTHER QUALITIES OF A MATERIAL.

Patehted ma 11, 1909.

APPLIGATIOE FILED JAN. 30, 1900.

. Nra' earns PATENT moa- GEORGE CARTER OHANEY, or BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

rnocnss roe undermine THE WEIGHT AND oTmReUALITms or A m'rnnm.

No. 921,083. 'Specificationof Letters Patent; Patented May 11, race.

Application filed January 30, 1900. Seiial No. 3,869.

. which it is desired to ascertain, by subjecting said materialto a constant quantity and intensity of energy (preferably heat rays, so called,) of which the transmitter is at a constant distance from the material; by receive ing such of the said energy as passes throu h the said material upon a substance or su stances, constant in position, which, in proportion to the effect of the lastmentioned energy thereon, become energized, (preferably by its producing an electric current,) and by measuring the said effect of said energy, '(and consequently indicating variations in the weight, or thickness, or density,

or other-quality of the said materiaL) by a measuring means operated .by said receiving substance or substances, (preferably said =means being an instrument to measure th above mentioned electric current.)

The essential features of my process for the testing of the weight or other quality of a certain material, whether as to'its constancy in said quality when being manufactured or used, or the com arison of the quality of an unknown piece with the uality of a standard sample of the said material, are: 1. The exposing of different portions of said material,

or said samples, under identical conditions, to a constant amount of energy. 2. The receiving-of such of the said energy as passes through said material upon a quantitatively energizable substance or substances. -3. The operation of a means of quantitative indica tron by said energized substance -or substances, whereby the amounts of the said energy passing through may be compared.

The object of my invention is the nick determination of variations in the weight,

- Thedescription of my process will be more clear by reference to the accompanying drawing s, which show a simple arrangementof the instruments used, to none of which, however,

dorI confine myself.

Figure l is a perspective view of the entire mechanism, showing osition relative to the sheet of material toe tested. Fig. 2 is a vertical cross-section of a part of the mechanism shown in Fig. 1, at a point including the transmitting and receiving means, an shows the exact position of these features and the sheet of material.

In Fig. 1, Z is an electric light, or other producer of radiant heat, a thermo-pile, so called, or means of pro ucing an electric current, 0, c, c, c, rollers to keep the sheet of material constant in position, m, the sheet of material to be tested, g, a galvanometer connected with p, i, the electric light switch, 1,1', the rollers of the machine in which the sheet material is manufactured, h, a simple hinge by which.the entire-mechanism may be swung out of the way. V

In Fig.2 similar letters refer to the several parts shown in Fig. 1.

It'is a Well established law of thermal physics that radiant heat or heat rays, so called, pass instantly through materials with marked diminution. It follows that as less or more of the material is put in the path of the heat rays, the more or less will be transmitted. Theprocess described is for the testing of sheets of a material by measuring the quantity of a constant radiant heat energy transmitted by said material. I

ll/here a sheet of material is made in a machine, the composition'may be relied on as constant, and the polish, or external density, as well as the internal density will continue practically the same, since the material is subject to a constant pressure In such-a case the indications, will be of thickness, and an increase in thickness will mean that there has been an increase in the amount of material introduced into a. material.

thickness, density, polishor other quality of change, but of greatly increased density and In the case of a material like thermopile,-so called, constant in position,-

therefore of greater weight. Paper being sold as of standard weight'therefore requires a measure of weight (7,. 0. thickness :0 density) and of this my process is the true indicator, depending as it does upon the amount of the material interposed between transmitter and receiver. Where samples of the same material, not made under identical conditions, are tested by my process a comparison of the resulting indications is such as to show only their relative Wei hts. Where conditions are identical, the resu ting indications will show'relative thickness.

If the source of heat is liable to fluctuations in intensity, as is the case with that usually supplied by an electric light company, a storage battery or other current regulator may be introduced.

In the use of an ordinary thermopile I prefer, to avoid the possibility of the slight error from the conduction of heat through the elements of the pile, to expose its face to the heat rays for a limited time (say a definite number of seconds) and then make the connection with the galvanometer, or I make the galvanometer' connection coincident with the beginning pf the exposure, these methods depending upon the type of these instruments usedand the reading is taken after this fixed time of exposure, when the heat rays should be excluded from the pile to prevent possible overheating and to allow its return to normal.

"hat I claim as my invention and desire to secure by these Letters Patent, is:

1 The process of' determining the constancy in characteristics of a moving sheet of a material, which consists in the subj ection of the surface of said moving sheet, as it passes a 'iven locus, to a constant-quantity and qua ity of energy, in receiving the amount of said energy which passes through said material upon a means, constant in position, to measure said amount, said means having an indicator connected therewith, substantially as specified.

2. The process of determining the constancy in characteristics of a moving strip,

which consists in the exposing of the surface of said moving strip, as it passes a given 10- cus, to a constant quantity and quality of heat rays, in receiving the amount of said rays which passes through saidstrip upon a means, constant in positlon, to measure said amount, said means having an indicator connected therewith, substantially as specified.

3. The rocess of determining the constancy in c aracterist'ics of amovmg piece of a material, which'consists in the exposing of the surface of said moving piece, as it passes a given locus, to a constant quantity and quality of heat rays, in receiving the said rays which pass through said material upon a connected with a galvanometer to measure the mean effect of said last namedrays, substantially as specified.

4. The process of determining the constancy in characteristics of a mov' sheet of va material, which consists in the su 'ecting,

ods of time and under identical conditions, of

sequent points of the surface of said moving sheet to a constant quantity and quality of radiant energy, in'receiving the amounts of said energy passing through said sheet upon a meansof measurmg and forthwith indicatin said amounts, andin comparing them, su stantially. as specified.

6. The rocess of determining the constancy in c aracteristics of a moving sheet of a material, which consists in the exposing, for equal periods of time and under' identical conditions, of sequent points of the surface of said moving sheet to a constantquantity and quality of heat rays, in receiving the amounts of said rays passing through said material upon a means of measuring and forthwith mdicat' said amounts, and in comparing them, su stantially as specified.

7. The process of testing the similarity in characteristics of two or moving pieces of sheet material, which consists in exposing, under identical conditions, sequent points of the surfaces of said moving pleces to a constant quantity and quality of energy, in receiving the amounts of said energy which pass through said fpieces upon a means of measuring and of orthwith indicating said amounts, and in comparing them, substantially as specified.

8. The process of testing the similarity in characteristics of two or more moving portions of sheet material, which consists in ex in said amounts, and in comparing them, 'su stantially as specified.

9. The process of testing the similarity in characteristics of two or more moving pieces of sheet material, which consists in exposing,

under identical conditions, sequent points of the surfaces of said 'moving pieces to a constant quantity and quality of heat rays, in In testimony whereof I have aflixed my receiving the amounts of said rays which pass signature, in presence of two witnesses.

through said pieces upon a means quantita- Y tively energizable' by said rays and opera- GEORGE CARTER CHANEL ergy, and in comparing the readings of the FREDERIO READ,

tively connected with an indicator of said eni 'VVitnesses: several exposures, substantially as specified. l WM. R; BUCKMINSTER. 

